project: Initial commit

Signed-off-by: Ian Moffett <ian@osmora.org>

10 files changed, 649 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sys/include/arch/amd64/asm.h b/sys/include/arch/amd64/asm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7334fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/include/arch/amd64/asm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 Ian Marco Moffett and the Osmora Team.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. Neither the name of Hyra nor the names of its
+ *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ *    this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MACHINE_ASM_H_
+#define _MACHINE_ASM_H_
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <machine/msr.h>
+
+/*
+ * Contains information for the current
+ * core. Stored in %GS.
+ *
+ * MUST REMAIN IN ORDER!!!
+ */
+struct cpu_ctx {
+    struct cpu_info *ci;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Returns true for this core if maskable
+ * interrupts are masked (CLI) and false if
+ * they aren't (STI).
+ */
+static inline bool
+amd64_is_intr_mask(void)
+{
+    uint64_t flags;
+
+    __ASMV("pushfq; pop %0" : "=rm" (flags) :: "memory");
+    return !ISSET(flags, BIT(9));
+}
+
+static inline void
+amd64_write_gs_base(uintptr_t val)
+{
+    wrmsr(IA32_KERNEL_GS_BASE, val);
+}
+
+static inline uintptr_t
+amd64_read_gs_base(void)
+{
+    return rdmsr(IA32_KERNEL_GS_BASE);
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t
+amd64_read_cr0(void)
+{
+    uint64_t cr0;
+    __ASMV("mov %%cr0, %0" : "=r" (cr0) :: "memory");
+    return cr0;
+}
+
+static inline void
+amd64_write_cr0(uint64_t val)
+{
+    __ASMV("mov %0, %%cr0" :: "r" (val) : "memory");
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t
+amd64_read_cr4(void)
+{
+    uint64_t cr4;
+    __ASMV("mov %%cr4, %0" : "=r" (cr4) :: "memory");
+    return cr4;
+}
+
+static inline void
+amd64_write_cr4(uint64_t val)
+{
+    __ASMV("mov %0, %%cr4" :: "r" (val) : "memory");
+}
+
+static inline void
+amd64_fxsave(void *area)
+{
+    __ASMV("fxsave (%0)" :: "r" (area) : "memory");
+}
+
+static inline void
+amd64_fxrstor(void *area)
+{
+    __ASMV("fxrstor (%0)" :: "r" (area) : "memory");
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/sys/include/arch/amd64/cpu.h b/sys/include/arch/amd64/cpu.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efa60ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/include/arch/amd64/cpu.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 Ian Marco Moffett and the Osmora Team.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. Neither the name of Hyra nor the names of its
+ *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ *    this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MACHINE_CPU_H_
+#define _MACHINE_CPU_H_
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+
+struct cpu_info {
+    uint32_t apicid;
+};
+
+void cpu_startup(void);
+
+
+#endif  /* !_MACHINE_CPU_H_ */
diff --git a/sys/include/arch/amd64/cpuid.h b/sys/include/arch/amd64/cpuid.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1a752b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/include/arch/amd64/cpuid.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 Ian Marco Moffett and the Osmora Team.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. Neither the name of Hyra nor the names of its
+ *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ *    this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MACHINE_CPUID_H_
+#define _MACHINE_CPUID_H_
+
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+
+#define CPUID(level, a, b, c, d)                        \
+    __ASMV("cpuid\n\t"                                  \
+            : "=a" (a), "=b" (b), "=c" (c), "=d" (d)    \
+            : "0" (level))
+
+#endif  /* !_MACHINE_CPUID_H_ */
diff --git a/sys/include/arch/amd64/frame.h b/sys/include/arch/amd64/frame.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a132e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/include/arch/amd64/frame.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 Ian Marco Moffett and the Osmora Team.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. Neither the name of Hyra nor the names of its
+ *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ *    this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MACHINE_FRAME_H_
+#define _MACHINE_FRAME_H_
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+struct trapframe {
+    uint64_t trapno;
+    uint64_t rax;
+    uint64_t rcx;
+    uint64_t rdx;
+    uint64_t rbx;
+    uint64_t rsi;
+    uint64_t rdi;
+    uint64_t rbp;
+    uint64_t r8;
+    uint64_t r9;
+    uint64_t r10;
+    uint64_t r11;
+    uint64_t r12;
+    uint64_t r13;
+    uint64_t r14;
+    uint64_t r15;
+    /* Pushed by hardware */
+    uint64_t error_code;
+    uint64_t rip;
+    uint64_t cs;
+    uint64_t rflags;
+    uint64_t rsp;
+    uint64_t ss;
+};
+
+#endif  /* !_MACHINE_FRAME_H_ */
diff --git a/sys/include/arch/amd64/frameasm.h b/sys/include/arch/amd64/frameasm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6d4f39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/include/arch/amd64/frameasm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 Ian Marco Moffett and the Osmora Team.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. Neither the name of Hyra nor the names of its
+ *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ *    this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MACHINE_FRAMEASM_H_
+#define _MACHINE_FRAMEASM_H_
+
+/*
+ * If the interrupt has an error code, this macro shall
+ * be used to create the trapframe.
+ *
+ * XXX: A trapframe created with this must be popped with
+ *      pop_trapframe_ec
+ */
+.macro push_trapframe_ec trapno
+    push %r15
+    push %r14
+    push %r13
+    push %r12
+    push %r11
+    push %r10
+    push %r9
+    push %r8
+    push %rbp
+    push %rdi
+    push %rsi
+    push %rbx
+    push %rdx
+    push %rcx
+    push %rax
+    push \trapno
+.endm
+
+/*
+ * If the interrupt has an error code, this macro shall
+ * be used to cleanup the trapframe.
+ */
+.macro pop_trapframe_ec
+    add $8, %rsp        /* Trapno */
+    pop %rax
+    pop %rcx
+    pop %rdx
+    pop %rbx
+    pop %rsi
+    pop %rdi
+    pop %rbp
+    pop %r8
+    pop %r9
+    pop %r10
+    pop %r11
+    pop %r12
+    pop %r13
+    pop %r14
+    pop %r15
+.endm
+
+/*
+ * If the interrupt has no error code, this macro
+ * shall be used to create the trapframe.
+ *
+ * XXX: A trapframe created with this must be popped
+ *      with pop_trapframe
+ */
+.macro push_trapframe trapno
+    push $0
+    push_trapframe_ec \trapno
+.endm
+
+
+/*
+ * If the interrupt has no error code, this macro shall
+ * be used to cleanup the trapframe.
+ */
+.macro pop_trapframe
+    pop_trapframe_ec
+    add $8, %rsp        /* Pop error code */
+.endm
+#endif  /* !_MACHINE_FRAMEASM_H_ */
diff --git a/sys/include/arch/amd64/gdt.h b/sys/include/arch/amd64/gdt.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f8a914
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/include/arch/amd64/gdt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#ifndef _AMD64_GDT_H_
+#define _AMD64_GDT_H_
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+
+#define KERNEL_CS 0x08
+#define KERNEL_DS 0x10
+
+struct __packed gdt_entry {
+    uint16_t limit;
+    uint16_t base_low;
+    uint8_t base_mid;
+    uint8_t access;
+    uint8_t granularity;
+    uint8_t base_hi;
+};
+
+struct __packed gdtr {
+    uint16_t limit;
+    uintptr_t offset;
+};
+
+__always_inline static inline void
+gdt_load(struct gdtr *gdtr)
+{
+        __ASMV("lgdt %0\n"
+               "push $8\n"               /* Push CS */
+               "lea 1f(%%rip), %%rax\n"  /* Load 1 label address into RAX */
+               "push %%rax\n"            /* Push the return address (label 1) */
+               "lretq\n"                 /* Far return to update CS */
+               "1:\n"
+               "  mov $0x10, %%eax\n"
+               "  mov %%eax, %%ds\n"
+               "  mov %%eax, %%es\n"
+               "  mov %%eax, %%fs\n"
+               "  mov %%eax, %%gs\n"
+               "  mov %%eax, %%ss\n"
+               :
+               : "m" (*gdtr)
+               : "rax", "memory"
+        );
+}
+
+extern struct gdt_entry g_gdt_data[256];
+
+#endif  /* !AMD64_GDT_H_ */
diff --git a/sys/include/arch/amd64/idt.h b/sys/include/arch/amd64/idt.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f439f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/include/arch/amd64/idt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 Ian Marco Moffett and the Osmora Team.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. Neither the name of Hyra nor the names of its
+ *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ *    this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MACHINE_IDT_H_
+#define _MACHINE_IDT_H_
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+
+#define IDT_TRAP_GATE       0x8F
+#define IDT_INT_GATE        0x8E
+#define IDT_USER_INT_GATE   0xEE
+
+#define ISR(p) ((uintptr_t)p)
+
+/*
+ * AMD64 Interrupt Gate Descriptor.
+ */
+struct idt_entry {
+    uint16_t    off_lo;         /* Low 16 bits of ISR offset */
+    uint16_t    segsel;         /* Segment selector, hardcode to kernel CS */
+    uint8_t     ist    : 2;     /* Interrupt stack table */
+    uint8_t     zero   : 1;     /* Unused: keep zero */
+    uint8_t     zero1  : 4;     /* Unused: keep zero */
+    uint8_t     type   : 4;     /* Gate type */
+    uint8_t     zero2  : 1;     /* Unused: keep zero */
+    uint8_t     dpl    : 2;     /* Descriptor privilege level */
+    uint8_t     p      : 1;     /* Present (keep 1 to mark as valid) */
+    uint16_t    off_mid;        /* Middle 16 bits of ISR offset */
+    uint32_t    off_hi;         /* High 32-bits of ISR offset */
+    uint32_t    reserved;       /* Reserved: keep zero */
+};
+
+struct __packed idtr {
+    uint16_t limit;
+    uintptr_t offset;
+};
+
+void idt_set_desc(uint8_t vector, uint8_t type, uintptr_t isr, uint8_t ist);
+void idt_load(void);
+
+#endif  /* !_MACHINE_IDT_H_ */
diff --git a/sys/include/arch/amd64/msr.h b/sys/include/arch/amd64/msr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc0dbcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/include/arch/amd64/msr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 Ian Marco Moffett and the Osmora Team.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. Neither the name of Hyra nor the names of its
+ *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ *    this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MACHINE_MSR_H_
+#define _MACHINE_MSR_H_
+
+#define IA32_SPEC_CTL       0x00000048
+#define IA32_KERNEL_GS_BASE 0xC0000102
+
+static inline uint64_t
+rdmsr(uint32_t msr_addr)
+{
+    uint32_t lo, hi;
+
+    __ASMV("rdmsr"
+           : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi)
+           : "c" (msr_addr)
+    );
+    return ((uint64_t)hi << 32) | lo;
+}
+
+static inline void
+wrmsr(uint32_t msr_addr, uint64_t value)
+{
+    uint32_t lo, hi;
+
+    lo = (uint32_t)value;
+    hi = (uint32_t)(value >> 32);
+
+    __ASMV("wrmsr"
+           :  /* No outputs */
+           : "a" (lo), "d" (hi),
+             "c" (msr_addr)
+    );
+}
+
+#endif  /* !_MACHINE_MSR_H_ */
diff --git a/sys/include/arch/amd64/pio.h b/sys/include/arch/amd64/pio.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..193e986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/include/arch/amd64/pio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 Ian Marco Moffett and the Osmora Team.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. Neither the name of Hyra nor the names of its
+ *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ *    this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MACHINE_PIO_H_
+#define _MACHINE_PIO_H_
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+uint8_t inb(uint16_t port);
+uint16_t inw(uint16_t port);
+uint32_t inl(uint16_t port);
+
+void outb(uint16_t port, uint8_t val);
+void outw(uint16_t port, uint16_t val);
+void outl(uint16_t port, uint32_t val);
+
+#endif  /* !_MACHINE_PIO_H_ */
diff --git a/sys/include/arch/amd64/trap.h b/sys/include/arch/amd64/trap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..deeb738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/include/arch/amd64/trap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 Ian Marco Moffett and the Osmora Team.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. Neither the name of Hyra nor the names of its
+ *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ *    this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MACHINE_TRAP_H_
+#define _MACHINE_TRAP_H_
+
+#if !defined(__ASSEMBLER__)
+#include <machine/frame.h>
+#endif
+
+#define TRAP_NONE           0       /* Used for general interrupts */
+#define TRAP_BREAKPOINT     1       /* Breakpoint */
+#define TRAP_ARITH_ERR      2       /* Arithmetic error (e.g division by 0) */
+#define TRAP_OVERFLOW       3       /* Overflow */
+#define TRAP_BOUND_RANGE    4       /* BOUND range exceeded */
+#define TRAP_INVLOP         5       /* Invalid opcode */
+#define TRAP_DOUBLE_FAULT   6       /* Double fault */
+#define TRAP_INVLTSS        7       /* Invalid TSS */
+#define TRAP_SEGNP          8       /* Segment not present */
+#define TRAP_PROTFLT        9       /* General protection */
+#define TRAP_PAGEFLT        10      /* Page fault */
+#define TRAP_NMI            11      /* Non-maskable interrupt */
+#define TRAP_SS             12      /* Stack-segment fault */
+
+#if !defined(__ASSEMBLER__)
+
+void breakpoint_handler(void *sf);
+void arith_err(void *sf);
+void overflow(void *sf);
+void bound_range(void *sf);
+void invl_op(void *sf);
+void double_fault(void *sf);
+void invl_tss(void *sf);
+void segnp(void *sf);
+void general_prot(void *sf);
+void page_fault(void *sf);
+void nmi(void *sf);
+void ss_fault(void *sf);
+void trap_handler(struct trapframe *tf);
+
+#endif  /* !__ASSEMBLER__ */
+#endif  /* !_MACHINE_TRAP_H_ */